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heresy, a significant number of fathers of the Roman Catholic faith and
the Eastern Orthodox creed.
The knights of the cross did not retain their reconquered
kingdoms long.  They took Jerusalem in 1099 and were expelled by
1187.  Nonetheless, according to historian Amin Maalouf, the author of
The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, modern Arabs tend to see today's
world events as a continuation of the Crusades.
For 600 years after the fall of the Crusader states, Islamic forces
returned to the attack, capturing Greece and chunks of Eastern Europe,
raiding towns in Sicily and the Italian coasts for goods and slaves,
preying on Mediterranean shipping, chaining Europeans like Miguel
Cervantes to the oars of their galleys, and until 1826 forcing the
Christian citizens of Yugoslavia and Albania to give up their children
to Moslem overlords (who brought up the males on the Koran, then
turned them into soldiers known as Janissaries).
It wasn't until 1798 that Napoleon began to shift the balance
between East and West again when he briefly invaded Egypt, from
which he was ignominiously expelled by the British and the Turks.
But the heavy-handed fertile crescent "imperialism" so resented by the
Arabs didn't begin until after the First World War, and it lasted less
than 40 years.  Southern Spain remained under the Moslem yoke for 781
years, Greece for 381, and pieces of longtime Christian terrain like St.
Augustine's North African homeland and the religious and secular
capital that eventually eclipsed Rome in power and splendor--
Byzantium--are still in Moslem hands today.  Syria, on the other hand,
was only under western control for 21 years, Egypt for 67, and Iraq a
mere 15.  If one accepts Esposito's reasoning, Westerners--who were
bludgeoned by "an expansive imperial" Islam for well over a
millennium--have more right to fear an Islamic revival than Moslems
have to hate the West.
More to the point, Phebe Marr, of the National Defense
University's Institute for Strategic Studies, contends that militant
  shop Eusebius of Caesarea, Origen, Saint Athanasius, the Aryan
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