139
                              
                                                                                                                                                          
14. James Burke, Connections, p. 78.  James Burke, The Day The Universe Changed,
Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1986, pp. 282-289.  Daniel Boorstin, The
Discoverers, pp. 679-684.
15. James Burke, The Day The Universe Changed, p. 277.
16. It's not that England was totally devoid of entrepreneurs and inventors.  Swan, for
example, came up with an incandescent light bulb very early in the game.  And Henry
Wilde was producing dynamos at a respectable clip.  But with their patrician British
rhythms, these men of the old order didn't stand a chance.  Swan, for example, felt it
would be unsporting to patent his inventions.  He also made sure that each bulb he
produced was individually graded according to its filament's characteristics before it left
the plant.  The Americans and Germans were not slowed down by such niceties.  Edison,
for example, patented almost everything he--or his employees-- could possibly think up.
And he managed to sell 80,000 light bulbs in just his first fifteen months on the market.
17. Harry Edward Neal, From Spinning Wheel to Spacecraft: The Story of the Industrial
Revolution, pp. 92-93.
18. Sources for this history of the commercial development of electricity include: C.
Mackechnie Jarvis, "The Generation of Electricity," in Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R.
Hall and Trevor I Williams, eds., A History of Technology: Volume V, The Late Nineteenth
Century, c. 1850 to c. 1900, pp. 184-199;  C. Mackechnie Jarvis, "The Distribution and
Utilization of Electricity,"  in Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall and Trevor I
Williams, eds., A History of Technology: Volume V, The Late Nineteenth Century, c. 1850
to c. 1900, pp. 211-216.  A. Stowers, "The Stationary Steam Engine--1830-1900,"  in
Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A.R. Hall and Trevor I Williams, eds., A History of
Technology: Volume V, The Late Nineteenth Century, c. 1850 to c. 1900, pp. 133-134.
19. Rosalind Williams, "Reindustrialization Past and Present," p. 50.
20. Rosalind Williams, "Reindustrialization Past and Present," p. 50.
21. Barbara Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World Before the War,
1890-1914, p. 356.
22. Rosalind Williams, "Reindustrialization Past and Present," p. 54.
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