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Some
Anatomy Questions
1.1
Identify 11 systems in the human body and the organs
in every system.
1.
Integumentary System
Skin
2.
Skeletal System
Approx.
206 Bones
(Joint and muscles not organs?)
3.
Nervous System
(Sensory,
motor and intermediate nerves)
The
Brain
The Cerebrum
The Cerebellum
The Brain stem
The Spinal cord
4. Senses and Sinuses
Nose
Tongue
Eyes
Ear
Sinus ?
5.
Endocrine System
The
pituitary gland
The thyroid gland
The adrenal glands
Sex glands (Testicles – male and ovaries – women)
Pancreas
6.
Cardiovascular System
Heart
7.
Lymphatic System
Tonsils
8.
Respiratory System
Lungs
9.
Digestive System
Mouth
Stomach
10.
Urinary System
Kidney
(2)
11.
Reproductive System
Testicles
(2) Male
1.2
Differentiate between the 3 layers of the skin with
regard to their structure.
|
EPIDERMIS |
DERMIS |
HYPODERMIS |
|
Top
layer of skin |
Below
the epidermis |
Under
the dermis layer |
|
Flat
dead cells |
Contains
bloodvessels |
Contains
fat |
|
Growing
part of the skin |
Contains
nerve endings |
Stores
energy |
|
Produce
new cells |
Sense
of touch |
Connects
skin, with your bones and muscles |
|
Contains
melanin – protecting skin |
Send
messenges to brain |
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1.3
Describe the appearance of the fontanel, at the front
and the back, of a six months old baby.
The skull of a newborn consists of five main bones: two
frontal bones, two parietal bones, and one occipital bone. These are joined by
fibrous sutures, which allow movement that facilitates childbirth and brain
growth.
At birth, the skull features a small posterior
fontanelle, an open area covered by a tough membrane, where the two parietal
bones adjoin the occipital bone (at the
lambda). This fontanelle usually closes during the
first several months of an infant's life.
There is also a much larger, diamond-shaped anterior
fontanelle where the two frontal and two parietal bones abut. This fontanelle
remains open until the child is about two years of age. In cleidocranial
dysostosis it is often late in closing or never closes.
The anterior fontanelle is useful clinically.
Examination of an infant includes palpating the anterior fontanelle. A sunken
fontanelle indicates dehydration, whereas a very tense or bulging anterior
fontanelle indicates raised intracranial pressure.
Parents may worry that their infant may be more prone
to injury at the fontanelles. In fact, although they may colloquially be called
"soft-spots", the membrane covering the fontanelles is extremely tough
and difficult to penetrate.[1]
1.4
Explain the phenomenon of stiffness of muscles after
vigorous exercise.
During exercise, your
muscles make waste products in the form of carbon dioxide. This is carried away
by the bloodstream for as long as you exercise. If you stop without warming down
(stretch exercises) for you bloodstream to continue carrying away the waste, the
blood stream is slowered and the waste builds up in the muscle fibres and cause
the stiffness.
1.5
Identity the taste associates with the darkest areas in
the accompanying illustration
a) Bitter
1.6
Describe the functions of the inner ear[2].
Centre of hearing
Our sense of balance
Our sense of direction
Sensory hair cell which is connected to nerves takes messenges to brain
1.7
Identify the location in the body of the
following:
Pituitary gland
In you head it sits in a
little dent at the base of your
skull
Eustachian tube
Connects the middle part of
your ear to an opening near your throat
Stirrup
Is a tiny bone in your
middle ear; it is one of the three bone known collectively as ossicles
Cerebellum
Behind the brain stem under
the cerebrum (top of spinal cord)
Saliva glands
Found in pairs in three
different locations. The pair known as the parotid glands lie one in front of
each ear. The submandibular glands lie under your lower jaw bone and the
sublingual glands lie beneath your tongue
Ureter
One of two thin muscular
tubes that carry urine from each kidney to the bladder
Peripheral nerves system
Inside the brain and the
spinal cord (43 pairs)
12 pair from brain to the
muscles in the head, ears, eyes, nose and tongue
31 One for each vertebrae
are attached to the spinal cord
Starting in the neck, it
runs through the body, spitting in smaller branches right to the toes
Scrotum
A bag shaped, hanging in
suspension between a men’s legs
Pancreas
Lies on the left behind
your stomach
Retina
A lining at the back of
your eye
Ball-and-socket joint
Connects your upper arm
with your shoulder
Cytoplasm
Is the largest part
of the cell between membrane (“outer skin”) and the nucleus (“cell
centre”)
Axon
Is a single nerve fibre
(that carriers messages away from) the nucleus of a nerve cell, or neuron, to
the muscle, (tissue or other neuron that is controls.)
Semi-circular canals
Curved tubes in the
innermost part of your ear
Urethra
Muscular tube that carried
urine out of the body
1.8
Compare the woman’s sex glands with the man’s sex
glands
|
In a
girl it is called ovaries |
In a
boy t is called testicles |
|
Girls
at 10 -13 produce oestrogen & progesterone |
Boy
at puberty produces testosterone |
|
Hair
at armpits and between his legs |
Hair
at armpits and between his legs |
|
Start
having periods |
Grows
a beard |
|
Hips
and breasts become larger and rounder |
Voice
breaks and become lower |
|
Ovaries
is above sex organ |
Testicles
is below sex organ |
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1.9
Differentiate between the menstruation and menopause.
Menstruation is when the
egg is not fertilised, the uterus realises it, and the prepared soft lining and
unfertilised egg is not necessary, then it will be released in dark messy like
blood.
Menopause is when a women’s ovaries is not producing the egg every 28/30 days anymore. Around the age of 45.
[1] Not found in study literature.
Source Wikipedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fontanelle
[2]
I have take the liberty to
copy/paste this answer from The
Ultimate Human Body 2.0 CD-ROM to illustrate its presentation. I had to
use it extensively as I forgot my school “Biology”. I would really
recommend it for fellow students, specially the non-doctor ones!