Mathematicians

Archimedes (287 B.C.- 210 B.C.)
greatest contributions were in Geometry. His methods anticipated the integral calculus 2000 years before Newton and Leibniz.

 

Georges Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon (1707-1788)
discovered the binomial theorem. Introduced differentials and integral calculus into probability theory. Experiments caused much discussion and helped lead towards an understanding of probability.

 

Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598-1647)
developed a method of indivisibles which became a factor in the development of the integral calculus.

 

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)
discovered the fundamental principles of infinitesimal calculus and for his method of notation for the differential and integral calculus. He never thought of the derivative as a limit.

 

Michel Rolle (1652-1719)
best remembered for Rolle's Theorem using a method of Hudde in the proof. Described calculus as a collection of ingenious fallacies.

 

Sophie Germain (1776-1831)
major contribution to number theory, acoustics and elasticity.

 

Vito Volterra (1860-1940)
published papers on partial differential equations, particularly the equation of cylindrical waves. Most famous work done on integral equations.

 

Adolf Kneser (1862-1930)
worked in two major areas: Linear differential equations and integral equations. Second main area of work was calculus of variations.

 

Isaac Barrow (1630-1677)
Most known for lectures on geometry. Issued an English version of Euclid’s Elements. Developed new way of determining tangent lines to curves and the areas.

 

Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789-1857)
He developed a theory of elasticity, the concept of limits, the definition of derivative as the limit of the difference quotient, and the definition of continuous functions.

 

Rene Du Perron Descartes (1596-1650)
Very famous mathematician who questioned, and applied mathematics to everything. He is most known for development of analytic geometry.

 

Charles Dodgson (1832-1898)
also known as Lewis Carroll and wrote Alice in Wonderland. Wrote many books on analytic geometry and plane geometry. He also worked on statistics and voting theories.

 

Euclid (323-283 B.C)
Teacher of geometry and arithmetic. His Elements is second most published, translated, and studied book in the Western World.

 

Pierre de Fermat (1595 to 1608-1665)
He was very influential in the development of calculus and analytic geometry. Many of his brilliant theorems were not proved when he introduced them, but were later proved by other mathematicians.

 

Leonardo Fibonacci (1180-1250)
He was a man who was cot only concerned with everyday problems, but also problems for deep thinkers. He began work in algebra, arithmetic, and geometry.

 

Joseph Fourier (1768-1857)
Dealt with a mathematical treatment of the conduction of heat through solid bodies using trigonometry. His work was brilliant but controversial.

 

Johann Gauss (1777-1855)
Whiz kid, leading mathematician of early 1800’s. His journal is famous and considered one of the most precious documents in the history of math. During his career, Gauss did a little bit of everything.

 

Sonia Kovalevsky (1859-1891)
She is the first woman mathematician to receive her doctorate. She presented a theorem on partial differential equations and also dealt with the sciences. She is considered to be very important for her work and as an intermediary between Russian and European mathematics.

 

Colin MacLaurin (1698-1776)
Known for many writings on geometry, algebra and Newton’s works and discoveries. Developed MacLaurin series, which is his proof of a theorem.

 

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Modest mathematician who hated criticism. He was good with his hands as well as his mind. He is most known for his laws of motion. He created integral and differential calculus, and also dealt with colors and prisms.

 

Pythagoras
"To him all things are numbers." He is responsible for Pythagorean Theorem. He also dealt with music in terms of mathematics.

 

Brook Taylor (1685-1731)
His work led to a new branch of mathematics now called the calculus of finite differences. Also Taylor’s Theorem which can be used to find sin x, log (1+x), etc.

 

John Wallis (1616-1703)
An ordained priest as well as a mathematician, provided a book on quadrature (area of square = area of circle), and invented the symbol for infinity.

 

Karl Weiestrass (1815-1855)
"The father of modern analysis." He originated the movement known as the arithmetization of analysis.

 

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