Biology

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and the Golden Ratio

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Sunflowers and Pinecones
The Nautilus and the Human Embryo

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Conclusion: The Bee Hive

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abeehive.gif (2119 bytes)    The geneology of the bee is a pattern.  This pattern is the result of parthogenesis, the development of an unfertilized egg into an adult animal without fusion with sperm.  The queen bee mates only once.  She can then produce either unfertilized eggs or fertilized eggs.   The unfertilized eggs become male drones, while the fertilized eggs become female workers or queens.   In other words, a female bee has two parents, and a male bee has only one parent; a female.  Female bees reproduce by parthenogenesis during the spring and summer.  In the fall, the eggs produce both males and females.   These insects mate, and the females produce fertilized eggs that hatch in the spring.

beetree.GIF (1017 bytes)Family Tree of Drone Bee
bulletstar.gif (4353 bytes) He had 1 parent, a female.
bulletstar.gif (4353 bytes) He has 2 grand-parents, since his mother had two parents, a male and a female.
bulletstar.gif (4353 bytes) He has 3 great-grand-parents: his grand-mother had two parents but his grand-father had only one.
The total of all the males and the total of all the females that make each generation forms an overlapping Fibonacci series repeated twice; One for males and one for females 

    great-            great, great     gt,gt,gt
                                                    grand-           grand-            grand             grand
Number of             parents:          parents:          parents:          parents:          parents:
of a MALE bee:         1                    2                   3                    5                    8
of a FEMALE bee:     2                    3                  5                     8                   13

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Why does Phi appear in nature?

smallflower.gif (1012 bytes)The arrangements of leaves is the same as for seeds and petals.  All are placed at 0.618034.. leaves, seeds, or petals, per turn.  In terms of degrees this is 0.618034 of 360° which is 222.492...°. However, we tend to see the smaller angle which is (1-0.618034)x360 = 0.381966x360 = 137.50776..°. When you look at properties of Phi, you will see that 1-phi = phi2 = Phi-2

pkrose1.gif (4661 bytes)If there are 1.618... leaves per turn it gives flowers or petals the best possible exposure to insects to attract them for pollination or exposure to sunlight.  The whole of the plant seems to produce its leaves, flowerhead petals and then seeds based upon the golden number.

 

 

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aniswirl.gif (19779 bytes)Return to the Golden Ratio Page