[The meetings identified below with a serial number are those organized directly by International Pugwash ("Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs"). The others are organized by groups closely linked to International Pugwash, such as the International School on Disarmament and Research on Conflict (ISODARCO), which essentially coincides with the Italian Pugwash Group, or by other National or Regional Pugwash Groups; but only meetings having an essentially international character are included.]

- Pugwash Meeting No. 159: 14th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Chemical Warfare, Geneva, Switzerland, 28-29 January 1989. It focused on the status of negotiations for a CW Convention; on technical procedures for monitoring new production of chemical weapons and other verification issues of compliance under a CW Convention; and on the proliferation of chemical weapons and security guarantees of signatories of a CW Convention. It was attended by 60 participants from 22 countries. More information in the April 1989 Pugwash Newsletter.

- ISODARCO Meeting No. 15: 2nd Winter Course, Folgaria (Trento), Italy, 4-11 February 1989. It focused on two main themes: the current status of arms control, and security issues in the European theatre. There were 41 participants from 14 countries. More information in the April 1989 Pugwash Newsletter.

- Pugwash Meeting No. 160: 3rd Workshop on "Science, the Media and World Affairs", Brussels, Belgium, 17-19 February 1989. Debate at this meeting concentrated on how to improve world information on such issues as the relationship between the industrialized and the developing countries, man's impact on his environment, the need for global disarmament. It was attended by 30 participants from 16 countries. More information in the April 1989 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings, The Silent Shout, Belgian Pugwash Group, Brussels, 1990.

- Pugwash meeting No. 161: 55th Symposium: "Non-Proliferation and the Non-Proliferation Treaty", Dublin, Ireland, 5-7 May 1989. It dealt with the technical and economic aspects of nuclear proliferation; with the political priorities of non-proliferation efforts; with the impact of the US-USSR relationship, particularly in the arms control field, on nuclear proliferation. It was attended by 45 participants from 18 countries. More information in the July 1989 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and the Non-Proliferation Treaty, Springer, Heidelberg, 1990.

- Pugwash meeting No. 162: 17th Workshop on Nuclear Forces, "Restructuring Nuclear and Conventional Forces: Current Issues and Nuclear-Conventional Interactions", Geneva, Switzerland, 3-4 June 1989. It focused on the interactions between nuclear and conventional reductions in Europe and was attended by 29 scholars, public figures and military people from the USA, the USSR and Europe. Among them were Robert S. McNamara, former US Secretary of Defence and former President of the World Bank, General (ret.) Mikhail A. Milstein of the USA & Canada Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, Professor Jack Steinberger, Nobel Laureate in Physics. More information in the July 1989 Pugwash Newsletter.

- Pugwash Meeting No. 163: 18th Workshop on Nuclear Forces, "Accidental Nuclear War", Pugwash, Canada, 18-20 July 1989. Debate centred on the factors that could contribute to accidental nuclear war and on what could realistically be done to decrease the risks in the near or foreseeable future. Participants comprised 30 specialists from 10 countries, drawn from various disciplines and professional backgrounds in order to provide a multi-dimensional approach to the problem. More information in the July 1989 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings, Accidental Nuclear War, Science for Peace, Toronto, 1990.

- Pugwash Meeting No. 164: 39th Pugwash Conference, "Building Global Security Through Cooperation", Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 23-28 July 1989. Eight working groups focused on the following topics: strategic forces and their limitations; European security; chemical weapons and arms control; nuclear weapons proliferation and testing; the arms trade and regional conflict; the role of the UN and other multilateral organizations in international security; fuels, forests, and carbon dioxide--the energy/environment/development interaction; agendas for East-West and North-South cooperation. It was attended by 177 scientists, other scholars and public figures designated as regular participants, 19 members of Student/Young Pugwash, plus some two dozen additional invited speakers, observers from national and international organizations and guests. The attendees came from 42 countries and included 4 Nobel Laureates, 3 members of the Soviet parliament, 7 current and former ambassadors, 4 active and retired generals, and numerous past and present heads of universities, research institutes and governmental agencies. More information in the October 1989 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings (published by Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs).

- Pugwash Meeting No. 165: 56th Symposium, "Peace and Security in the Asia Pacific Region", Tokyo, Japan, 16-19 September 1989. Its agenda covered such issues as the political, strategic and economic conflicts in the Asia-Pacific region; the conditions and prospects for nuclear disarmament in the region; and the impacts of hi-tech on peaceful development in the region. The 32 participants came from 12 countries. More information in the January 1990 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings (published by the Japanese Pugwash Group).

- Pugwash Meeting No. 166: 8th Workshop on Conventional Forces in Europe, Porto Vecchio, Corsica, France, 29 September-3 October 1989. It focused on the progress made in the first six months of the Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) talks in Vienna and on the evaluation of the agreement emerging in the CFE talks with respect to a conventional stability regime in Europe. Participants comprised 28 scholars and military people from Eastern Europe, Western Europe, the United States and the Soviet Union. More information in the January 1990 Pugwash Newsletter.

- Pugwash Meeting No. 167: 1st Workshop on Non-Military Dimensions of Global Security, Suraj Kund, India, 21-24 November 1989. It touched upon such issues as nation-building and development in the Third World, the international economic order, ecological security, the cooperative management of interdependence, the international code of conduct for technology transfer. It was attended by 37 participants, 28 of whom were from the Third World. On this occasion the Pugwash Executive Committee also met and issued a statement focusing on the forthcoming Bush-Gorbachev meeting, that was subsequently widely distributed and printed as op-ed in the International Herald Tribune of Friday, 1 December 1989, the day beforethe summit meeting began. More information in the January 1990 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings (published by Lancer International, New Dehli, 1990).

- Pugwash Meeting No. 168: 1st Meeting of the Pugwash-SIPRI Thiodiglycol Project, Geneva, Switzerland, 25-26 January 1990. It focused on Thiodiglycol as a model chemical substance whose production and distribution should be studied to assess the issues associated with the verification of non-production of CW in industrial plants. It was attended by 22 participants from 14 countries. More information in the April 1990 Pugwash Newsletter.

- Pugwash meeting No. 169: 15th Workshop of the Pugwash Study Group on Chemical Warfare, Geneva, Switzerland, 27-28 January 1990. It focused on the status of negotiations for a Chemical Weapons (CW) Convention and on preparations for the Review Conference, scheduled for 1991, of the 1972 Biological Weapon Convention. It was attended by 65 participants from 24 countries. More information in the April 1990 Pugwash Newsletter.

- ISODARCO Meeting No. 16: 3rd Winter Course, Folgaria (Trento), Italy, 28 January-4 February 1990. It focused on the current status of arms control and on the role of satellites in arms control and verification. Sessions were devoted also to other issues such as: China and the Non-Proliferation Regime, Perestroika and Developing Countries, the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. There were 33 participants from 12 countries. More information in the April 1990 Pugwash Newsletter.

- 6th Pan-African Pugwash Regional Conference, "Development and Security -- Crises Resolution in Africa", Cairo, Egypt, 21-24 March 1990. It dealt with both global and regional parameters of African security, giving special emphasis to economic issues. Crisis prevention and resolution were also the focus of discussion, together with the potential role that regional organizations and the U.N. can play in this sphere. It was attended by 50 participants, mostly from Africa but also from the US, the UK, Brazil and Italy. More information in the April 1990 Pugwash Newsletter and in the Proceedings (to be published by the Pan-African Pugwash Group).

- ISODARCO Meeting No. 17: 2nd Beijing Seminar on Arms Control, Beijing, China, 4-8 April 1990. The seminar touched upon such issues as: European security, nuclear test bans, the impact of space weapons on strategic stability, and the status of the Non-Proliferation Treaty. The meeting was attended by 84 Chinese and 16 foreign participants. More information in the July 1990 Pugwash Newsletter.