Mutations Associated with Drug Resistance

(for complete information, go to the HIV Database at Los Alamos)

HIV-1 RTase Mutations that Confer Multi-Drug (Cross) Resistance

S=Sensitive ; R=Resistant


Where these (and other) Protease & RTase Mutations Are...

(The Top 4 Diagrams Show Resistant Mutants in Protease which Emerge with Protease Inhibitors)

(The Bottom 3 Diagrams Illustrate Resistant Mutants in RTase which Emerge with Anti-RTase compounds (top 2 of these are mutants observed with nucleoside analogs: AZT,ddI,ddC,3TC/FTC,d4T; bottom diagram mutants with nonnucleoside inhibitors: eg. TIBO, nevirapine, foscarnet))


Chronological Emergence of AZT Mutants


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