HCV: interferon immidiately C型肝炎 インターフェロンをすぐに
以下は HIV （エイズウイルス予防のCDCガイドライン。AZTのみでも79％予防できたそうです。）
Chemoprophylaxis of accidential HIV exposure.
TABLE 1. Provisional Public Health Service recommendations for chemoprophylaxis after occupational
exposure to HIV, by type of exposure and source material -- 1996
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Type of Antiretroviral Antiretroviral
exposure Source material * prophylaxis + regimen &
Percutaneous Blood @
Highest risk Recommend ZDV plus 3TC plus IDV
Increased risk Recommend ZDV plus 3TC, +/- IDV **
No increased risk Offer ZDV plus 3TC
Fluid containing visible blood,
other potentially infectious
fluid ++, or tissue Offer ZDV plus 3TC
Other body fluid (e.g., urine) Not offer
Mucous membrane Blood Offer ZDV plus 3TC, +/- IDV **
Fluid containing visible blood,
other potentially infectious
fluid ++, or tissue Offer ZDV, +/- 3TC
Other body fluid (e.g., urine) Not offer
Skin,
increased risk && Blood Offer ZDV plus 3TC, +/- IDV **
Fluid containing visible blood,
other potentially infectious
fluid ++, or tissue Offer ZDV, +/- 3TC
Other body fluid (e.g., urine) Not offer
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* Any exposure to concentrated HIV (e.g., in a research laboratory or production facility) is
treated as percutaneous exposure to blood with highest risk.
+ Recommend -- Postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) should be recommended to the exposed worker with
counseling (see text). Offer -- PEP should be offered to the exposed worker with counseling (see
text). Not offer -- PEP should not be offered because these are not occupational exposures to
HIV (1).
& Regimens: zidovudine (ZDV), 200 mg three times a day; lamivudine (3TC), 150 mg two times a day;
indinavir (IDV), 800 mg three times a day (if IDV is not available, saquinavir may be used,
600 mg three times a day). Prophylaxis is given for 4 weeks. For full prescribing information,
see package inserts.
@ Highest risk -- BOTH larger volume of blood (e.g., deep injury with large diameter hollow
needle previously in source patient's vein or artery, especially involving an injection of
source-patient's blood) AND blood containing a high titer of HIV (e.g., source with acute
retroviral illness or end-stage AIDS; viral load measurement may be considered, but its use
in relation to PEP has not been evaluated). Increased risk -- EITHER exposure to larger volume
of blood OR blood with a high titer of HIV. No increased risk -- NEITHER exposure to larger
volume of blood NOR blood with a high titer of HIV (e.g., solid suture needle injury from
source patient with asymptomatic HIV infection).
** Possible toxicity of additional drug may not be warranted (see text).
++ Includes semen; vaginal secretions; cerebrospinal, synovial, pleural, peritoneal, pericardial,
and amniotic fluids.
&& For skin, risk is increased for exposures involving a high titer of HIV; prolonged contact,
an extensive area, or an area in which skin integrity is visibly compromised. For skin
exposures without increased risk, the risk of drug toxicity outweighs the benefit of PEP.
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