SOME NUTRIENTS DEFICIENT( OR MAY BE BENEFITIAL ) IN CROHN'S AND THEIR FOOD SOURCES
( from Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases )
 
ppm = parts per million; eg. 10,000 ppm is 10mg in 1gr, 100 mg in 10 gr, 1gr in 100 gr

ARGININE: Antiencephalopathic, Antihepatitic, Antiinfertility/Spermigenic( dosage: 4g/day ), Diuretic, Hypoammonemic

     Cucurbita foetidissima HBK. -- Buffalo Gourd                  39,900 - 143,000 ppm in Seed;
     Rehmannia glutinosa (GAERTN.) -- Chinese Foxglove      42,000 - 87,000 ppm in Root;
     Helianthus annuus L. – Sunflower                                     25,400 - 82,000 ppm in Seed;
     Aloe vera (L.) BURM. f. -- Aloe, Bitter Aloes                 78,216 ppm in Leaf
     Citrullus lanatus  -- Watermelon                                       46,600 ppm in Seeds
     Cucurbita pepo L. -- Pumpkin;                                         40,330 - 43,328 ppm in Seed;
     Sesamum indicum L. -- Sesame;                                        15,800 - 34,930 ppm in Seed;
     Glycine max (L.) MERR. -- Soybean;                                28,310 - 30,950 ppm in Seed;
     Lens culinaris- -- Lentil                                                     22,000 ppm in Seeds
     Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) – Cashew       17,410 - 17,711 ppm in Seeds
 

ALANINE: Alanine/glutamine comprise 50-60% of the amino acids released from muscle during stress; stress hormones accelerate the release of alanine/glutamine from muscle to maintain hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glutamine and alanine: important in transferring nitrogen/amino groups + carbon skeletons (from pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate) from the skeletal muscle to visceral organs (*liver, kidney, GI tract) for *gluconeogenesis, acute-phase protein synthesis, or as a direct fuel source )

Spinacia oleracea- L. -- Spinach    Plant      16,864 ppm
Citrullus lanatus- Watermelon    Seed 15,000 ppm
Sesamum indicum- L. – Sesame    Seed 14,802 ppm
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis- L. -- Broccoli, Cauliflower Flower 13,565 ppm
Lens culinaris- -- Lentil  Seed 13,200 ppm
 

GLUTAMINE: Antialcoholic( dosage: 1,000 mg/day/orl ); Antidepressant, Antisickling, Antiulcer( dosage: 1,600 mg/day/orl ), Catabolic

     Senna obtusifolia (L.) -- Sicklepod; 21,300 ppm in Seed;
     Aloe vera (L.) BURM. f. -- Aloe, Bitter Aloes; 20,607 ppm in Leaf ;
     Phoenix dactylifera L. -- Date Palm; 650 - 870 ppm in Fruit;
     Citrus sinensis (L.) OSBECK -- Orange; 30 - 630 ppm in Fruit;
 

CYSTEINE: Biological Activities(  Cysteine and Methionine constitute the major sulfur-containing amino acids; they are important in maintaining elasticity in peptide macromolecules like hair, skin, and fingernails, since bonds between protein strands are typically disulfide bonds; also chelate heavy metals. )

Antibiotic, Anticataract, Anticytotoxic, Antiophthalmic, Antioxidant, Antitumor, Antiulcer, Detoxicant

     Helianthus annuus L. -- Sunflower;   4,765 - 16,000 ppm in Seed;
     Glycine max (L.) MERR. -- Soybean;   5,880 - 6,430 ppm in Seed;
     Citrullus lanatus  -- Watermelon;   5,742 ppm in Seed;
     Phoenix dactylifera L. -- Date Palm;   110 - 1,140 ppm in Fruit;
     Citrullus lanatus  -- Watermelon;   236 ppm in Fruit;
 

GLUTATHIONE
     Spinacia oleracea L. -- Spinach;    90 - 1,065 ppm in Plant;
     Allium sativum L. -- Garlic; found in Bulb

GLUTAMINIC-ACID(antioxidant used in bronchial asthma )
     Helianthus annuus L. -- Sunflower; 58,900 ppm in Seed;

ORNITHINE
     Allium sativum L. -- Garlic; found in Leaf
 

IRON( RDA 10 mg/day )
   Taraxacum officinale WIGG. -- Dandelion; 31 - 5,000 ppm in Leaf;
   Echinacea spp -- Coneflower, Echinacea; 700 - 4,800 ppm in Root;
 

ZINC
  Carya glabra (MILLER) SWEET – Pignut Hickory    Shoot   1,100 ppm
  Lactuca sativa L. – Lettuce    Leaf 974 ppm
  Aloe vera (L.) BURM. f. -- Aloe, Bitter Aloes Leaf 770 ppm

GLUCOSAMINE
  Rehmannia glutinosa (GAERTN.) LIBOSCH. -- Chinese Foxglove Root      26,000 ppm

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P-HYDROXY-BENZOIC-ACID Immunosuppressive

Juniperus communis L. -- Common Juniper, Juniper  Plant 2,500 ppm
Coriandrum sativum L. – Coriander    Fruit 960 ppm
Fragaria spp – Strawberry     Fruit 108 ppm
 

LINOLEIC-ACID Immunomodulatory

     Persea americana MILLER -- Avocado; 24,340 - 505,440 ppm in Fruit;
     Cucumis sativus L. -- Cucumber; 35,100 - 486,700 ppm in Cotyledon;
     Carthamus tinctorius L. -- Safflower; 122,000 - 481,394 ppm in Seed;
     Prunus armeniaca L. -- Apricot; 56,000 - 411,200 ppm in Seed;
     Papaver bracteatum L. -- Great Scarlet Poppy; 358,650 - 383,520 ppm in Seed;
     Helianthus annuus L. -- Sunflower; 89,000 - 350,000 ppm in Seed;
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POTASSIUM
Antifatigue, Antihypertensive, Antidepressant, Spasmolytic, Cardiotoxic Dosage: 18,000 mg/day

     Lactuca sativa L. -- Lettuce; 2,900 - 121,800 ppm in Leaf;
     Raphanus sativus L. -- Radish; 2,215 - 85,700 ppm in Root;
     Avena sativa L. -- Oats; 2,000 - 78,900 ppm in Plant;
     Anethum graveolens L. -- Dill; 8,700 - 76,450 ppm in Plant;
     Cucumis sativus L. -- Cucumber; 1,465 - 72,500 ppm in Fruit;
     Spinacia oleracea L. -- Spinach; 2,060 - 69,077 ppm in Plant;
 

CAFFEIC-ACID
AntiHIV, Antiadenovirus, Antiaggregant, Anticarcinogenic, Antiedemic, Antiflu, Antihemolytic dosage: 25 uM,         Antihepatotoxic, Antiherpetic dosage: 50 ug/ml; Antihypercholesterolemic, Antiinflammatory, Antimutagenic, Antioxidant dosage: 50 um, Antiperoxidant dosage: IC50=44 uM, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic dosage: EC50=3.4-15 uM, Antistomatitic Antithiamin, Antithyroid, Antitumor, Antiviral, Bactericide, CNS-Active, Carcinogenic dosage: 2% (diet), Fungicide dosage: MIC=0.4 mg/ml, Hepatoprotective, Hepatotropic, Histamine-Inhibitor, Leukotriene-Inhibitor, Metal-Chelator, Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor, Prostaglandigenic, Sedative dosage: 500 mg, Spasmolytic dosage: EC50=3.4-15 uM; Viricide dosage: IC50=62.5 ug/ml;

Pyrus communis L. -- Pear;   43 - 19,700 ppm in Fruit;
Ocimum basilicum L. -- Basil;   19,000 ppm in Leaf

 //////////////////////////////////////  and the summary for my three favorite  /////////////////////////////////////////////

Watermelon:

ALANINE   Fruit 2,000 ppm;  Seed 15,000 ppm;
ARGININE   Fruit 6,949 ppm;  Seed 46,600 ppm;
CYSTEINE   Fruit 236 ppm;  Seed 5,742 ppm;
GLUTAMIC-ACID  Fruit 7,420 ppm;  Seed 53,000 ppm;

High Concentration Chemicals in the Seed of Citrullus lanatus - [Watermelon]
(chemical concentrations 1 standard deviation(s) above the mean):

     ALANINE 15,000 ppm
     FAT 200,000 - 571,000 ppm
     FIBER 67,000 - 316,000 ppm
     KILOCALORIES 6,500 ppm
     LINOLEIC-ACID 52,000 - 210,280 ppm
     PHOSPHORUS 8,300 - 14,600 ppm
     PROTEIN 198,000 - 343,000 ppm
     STEARIC-ACID 12,200 - 66,000 ppm
     THREONINE 15,300 ppm
 

Sunflower:

ALANINE   Seed 11,800 ppm;
ARGININE   Seed 25,400 - 82,000 ppm
CYSTEINE   Seed 4,765 - 16,000 ppm
GLUTAMINIC-ACID  Seed 58,900 ppm;
GLYCINE   Seed 15,400 ppm;
HISTIDINE   Seed 6,678 - 20,000 ppm
LINOLEIC-ACID  Seed 89,000 - 350,000 ppm
PUFA    Seed 345,900 ppm;

High Concentration Chemicals(chemical concentrations 1 standard deviation(s) above the mean)
 in the Seed of Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) - [Sunflower]

     ARGININE   25,400 - 82,000 ppm
     CAFFEIC-ACID  1,600 - 1,800 ppm
     CYSTEINE   4,765 - 16,000 ppm
     FAT    222,000 - 523,800 ppm
     FIBER   44,000 - 323,000 ppm
     HISTIDINE   6,678 - 20,000 ppm
     ISOFERULIC-ACID  1,400 - 1,700 ppm
     ISOLEUCINE  12,000 - 46,500 ppm
     LEUCINE   17,500 - 35,500 ppm
     LINOLEIC-ACID  89,000 - 350,000 ppm
     MAGNESIUM  3,740 - 5,176 ppm
     METHIONINE  5,220 - 20,500 ppm
     P-COUMARIC-ACID  900 - 1,100 ppm
     PHENYLALANINE  12,400 - 48,000 ppm
     PUFA   345,900 ppm
     SINAPIC-ACID  4,800 - 5,700 ppm
     SULFUR   2,574 - 4,880 ppm
     THIAMIN   24 ppm
     TRYPTOPHAN  7,037 - 15,900 ppm
     VALINE   13,900 - 50,000 ppm
 

High Concentration Chemicals in the Leaf of Aloe vera (L.) BURM. f.
(Aloaceae) - [Aloe, Bitter Aloes] (chemical concentrations 1 standard deviation(s) above the mean)

     ARGININE 78,216 ppm
     CARBOHYDRATES 896,000 ppm
     SERINE 23,540 ppm
     THREONINE 14,652 ppm
     ZINC 11 - 770 ppm

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