Bird of Paradise -to-
China Berry Bird of Paradise -to-
China Berry
Botanic Name |
Family Name |
Dutch Name |
English Name and where Indigent |
Toxic Parts, Substances and Symptoms |
Type and Degree of Toxicity |
Counter Measures |
| Strelitzia reginae | Strelitziaceae | Paradijsvogelbloem Strelitzia | Bird of Paradise ; Strelitzia | ??? | 6 | ??? |
| Aristolochia clematitis | Aristolochiaceae | Pijpbloem;
Zweerkruid |
Birthwort | All parts, especially rhizomen and seeds: aristolochia acids, alkaloid = aristolochine. | 4: only in big quantities | 2, 4 NOT 3 |
| Aristolochia spp. | Aristolochiaceae | Pijpbloem,
Viltige ; Moffenpijp ; Duitse pijp |
Birthwort ??? | Supposedly all Aristolochia species share the same toxic qualities. | 4: only in big quantities | 2, 4 NOT 3 |
| Solanum dulcamara | Solanaceae | Bitterzoet | Bittersweet | Red berries are toxic | 4 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Bryonia cretica (subspecies dioica) | Cucurbitaceae | Heggerank | Black Bindweed | Small round fruits are toxic. Laxative, purgative. Even more poisonous than White Briony; not only berries but ROOTS too. | 4 | 3, 4 NO LAXATIVES! Get medical help FAST! |
| Cimicifuga racemosa (var.cordifolia) | Ranunculaceae | Zwarte Slangenwortel; Zilverkaars | Black
Cohash (USA); Black Snakeroot |
Rhizomen of Snakeroot contains strongly toxic alkaloids (e.g. cytisine for effects of which see Laburnum) and saponines. | 4, 7 EXTREMELY TOXIC!!! | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help VERY FAST!!! |
| Solanum nigrum | Solanaceae | Zwarte Nachtschade | Black Nightshade | Black berries are poisonous | 4 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Dicentra spectabilis Lem. | Papaveraceae | Gebroken Hartjes Mariahartjes Mariatranen Vrouwentranen | Bleeding Heart | Especially the roots contain up to 0.8 % alkaloids | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Dicentra formosa | Papaveraceae | Gebroken Hartjes | Bleeding Heart | Especially the roots contain up to 0.8 % alkaloids | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Iris versicolor | Iridaceae | Iris | Blue Flag Iris | Mainly leaves and rhizomen contain glycosides(iridine) and a number of sharp tasting substances with unknown chemical structure. Drying does not lessen toxicity. Intoxication only by ingestion of major quantities. Symptoms: serious gastro-intestinal inflammation, serious bloody diarrhoea, and eventually death. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4, 7 |
| Iris missouriensis | Iridaceae | Iris | Blue Flag, Western | See above | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Lupinus angustifolius spp. | Leguminosae | Lupine, Blauwe (alle soorten) | Bluebonnet; Lupine, Blue (all species) | All parts but especially the seeds contain many alkaloids like lupanine, lupanidine, l-sparteine or lupinidine and angustifoline as well as toxic substances in mouldy plants (a.o. phomopsine A). | 4, 7 | 2, 4 Do not give laxatives containing salt (like Glaubersalt) Do NOT let kittens play with seeds! |
| Bougainvillea glabra | Nyctaginaceae | Bougainville | Bougainvillea | ??? | 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Lycium barbarum | Solanaceae | Boksdoorn | Box Thorn; Bastard Jasmine !!! | All parts cont. hyoscyamime in small quantities. Red berries NOT to be eaten by children. Effects like Hyoscyamus niger(Henbane), but not as strong. | 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Buxus sempervirens L. Buxus spp. | Buxaceae | Palmboompje Buksboom; Buxus | Boxwood; Buxus | Especially leaves and bast of roots contain many alkaloids, especially buxine. | 4, 5 | 3, 4 Immediately to the VET!!! |
| Pteridium aquilinum | Polypodiaceae | Adelaarsvaren | Bracken | A thiaminase-enzyme in sprout and rhizomen, a hydrocyanic glycoside in the leaves and little known chemical compounds (a.o. the saponine: pteridine) in stalks. Rhizomen contains 5 x as much thiaminase as dried leaves. Thiaminase decomposes vitamin B-1, causing nervous disturbances. ONLY toxic in LARGE quantities. Still, better avoid it with Cats! | 4, 7 | 7 Baker's yeast is a source of vit. B 1 to be added to food; not without consultation with vet., however. |
| Bryonia alba | Cucurbitaceae | Heggerank, Witte | Briony, White | Small round fruits are toxic. Laxative, purgative | 4 | 3, 4 NO LAXATIVES! Let them drink milk! Immediately to the VET!!! |
| Cimicifuga europaea Schipcz. | Ranunculaceae | Zilverkaars | Bugbane | Stalks, leaves and esp. seeds also contain an alkaloid (probably cytisine see Laburnum). | 4, 7 EXTREMELY TOXIC!!! | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help VERY FAST!!! |
| Ranunculus scleratus (syn. R. acris) | Ranunculaceae | Boterbloem, Scherpe of blaartrekkende | Buttercup | Only the fresh green plant. Not poisonous as soon as dried as in hay. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 4 Do NOT make them vomit! |
| Cactus spp. | Cactaceae | Cactus (soorten) | Cactus (species) | ??? | 1, 5 | ??? |
| Euphorbia trigona L. | Euphorbiaceae | Cactus-achtige, driehoekige Euphorbia, inheems in Afrika | Cactuslike, triangular Euphorbia ???, indigent in Africa | Seeds and "The milky sap is as sharp as a wolf's bite", and may be VERY TOXIC. This is true for all Euphorbia species! | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 If external contact wash with MUCH water; if eyes rinse abundantly and contact eye doctor! |
| Alocasia spp. | Araceae | Egyptische waterplant | Caladium Egyptian waterplant | ??? | 2, 5 | 7 |
| Caladium spp. | Araceae | Caladium Kamerplant | Caladium; Indigent in S.America; Indoor Plant | Sharp oxalate crystals | 2, 5 | 2 (much!), 4, 3 (only after medical advice!) |
| Eschscholzia californica | Papaveraceae | Slaapmutsje | California Poppy | ??? | 6 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Calla aethiopica L. (see Zantedeschia aethiopica) | Araceae | Calla | Calla | Sharp oxalate crystals | 2, 5 | 2 (much!), 4, 3 (only after medical advice!) |
| Calla palustris | Araceae | Slangewortel | Calla Lily | Sharp oxalate crystals | 2, 5 | 2 (much!), 4, 3 (only after medical advice!) |
| Callicarpa spp. | Verbenaceae | Callicarpa soorten: Uitheemse sierplanten. | Callicarpa species. Exotic ornamental plants. | C. cana L. and C.longifolia Lam. are used as arrow or fish poison. Therefore the species cultivated here are suspected of some toxicity. | At least 3, worse 4 | ???? |
| Cinnamomum camphora (camphera) | Lauraceae | Kamferboom | Camphor Tree | ??? | 3 | ??? |
| Iberis sempervirens | Cruciferae | Scheefbloem | Candituft, evergreen | ??? | 5 | ??? |
| Lobelia cardinalis | Campanulaceae | Lobelia | Cardinal Flower | ??? | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4, If external WASH |
| Euonymus europaea | Celastraceae | Kardinaalshoed Kardinaalsmuts | Cardinal's Hat | Seeds and bast; leaves are in summer more toxic than in autumn. Contain many alkaloids (e.g. evonine), less heart glycosides (evonoside, evonomoside, evo bioside) and possibly as yet unknown bitter substances. It is not yet known which substances are responsible, but symptoms (15 hrs. after ingestion) are: vomiting; abdominal cramps; intestinal inflammation; strong, slimy, watery or bloody diarrhoea, disturbances of blood circulation; cramps; drowsiness even to coma. If patient does not die but recuperates, there is always swelling of theliver and protein in the urine because of kidney inflammation. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical Help! |
| Phytolacca acinosa (syn.P.esculenta) | Phytolaccaceae | Karmozijnbes, Aziatische | Carmine Berry (possibly) Carmine is purpur red dye made from the juice of the berries. Also used to make red wine a bit redder. | All parts especially roots and unripe berries contain a saponine-like substance; oxalic acid, alkaloids (phytolaccatoxine) | 4 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Rivina humilis (see Phytolacca clavigera) | Phytolaccaceae | Karmozijnbes, Chinese | Carmine Berry, Chinese (possibly) | see above | ditto | ditto |
| Phytolacca clavigera (syn.Rivina humilis) | Phytolaccaceae | Karmozijnbes, Chinese | Carmine Berry, Chinese (possibly) | see above | ditto | ditto |
| Dianthus caryophyllus | Caryophyllaceae | Anjelier; Anjer; Tuinanjer | Carnation, American | ??? | 3, 5 | ??? |
| Prunus caroliniana | Rosaceae | Perzik, Wilde | Carolina Cherry Tree; Carolina Cherry Laurel; Carolina Mock Orange | Seedkernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdaline) . Leaves bast and flowers, another one (prunasine). They cause hydrocyanic/prussic acid to be released in the bloodstream. Is one of the fastest toxins known.. Blocks the breathing of the cells (cytotoxic anoxia), . GET MEDICAL HELP FAST !!! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST!!! |
| Gelsemium sempervirens | Loganiaceae | Gele Jasmijn, Carolijnse Jasmijn | Caroline Jasmine; Yellow Jessamine | ??? | 4, 5, 7 | ??? |
| Ricinus communis | Euphorbiaceae | Wonderboon | Castor Bean Castor Oil Plant | Especially the beans contain: Ricin(e). Gastroenteritis, Jaundice Heart Failure | 4 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical Help! |
| Nepeta cataria | Labiatae | Kattekruid | Catnip | Catnip has a slightly inebriating effect on most cats. They LOVE it! Because it is only very slightly toxic, it seems that it doesn't have to be avoided. | 3 | Withhold it if you don't like inebriated cats,
or -more correctly- if you don't love them! |
| Capsicum frutescens | Solanaceae | Cayennepeper | Cayenne (pepper) | Fruits, and probably other parts contain capsaicine a (sometimes very) sharp-tasting substance, which may panic cats. It is still discernible in a dilution of 1 : 100,000. | 3 | 2 (put much sugar in the water, this counteracts the sharpness best) |
| Thuja plicata | Cupressaceae | Reuzenlevens-boom | Cedar, Giant | Etheric oil contains Thujon, which strongly irritates skin and stomach's and intestine's lining. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 You can give MILK! |
| Thuja occidentalis | Cupressaceae | Levensboom, Amerikaanse of Westerse | Cedar, White | Etheric oil contains Thujon, which strongly irritates skin and stomach's and intestine's lining. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 You can give MILK! |
| Agave spp. | Agavaceae | Agave (soorten) | Century Plant (Agave americana) | Sap may cause skin reactions. | 3, 5 | (2), 3, 4 eventually have eyes rinsed by Vet.. |
| Atractylis gummifera | Compositae | Pijnappeldoorn | Chamaeleon,
White; Chameleon Flower; Spindle Flower |
??? | 4, 5 | 2, 3, 4 |
| Acalypha hispida | Euphorbiaceae | Kattestaart | Chenille Plant | ??? | 3, 7 | ??? |
| Physalis spp. | Solanaceae | Lampionplant | Cherries, Ground | Especially the roots contain the alkaloid: hygrine, which has a similar but weaker effect as hyoscyamine (see Hyoscyamus niger) | 3, 7 | ??? |
| Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. | Rosaceae | Kerspruim, Myrobalaan | Cherry Plum Myrobalan | Seedkernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdaline) . Leaves bast and flowers, another one (prunasine). They cause hydrocyanic/prussic acid to be released in the bloodstream. Is one of the fastest toxins known.. Blocks the breathing of the cells (cytotoxic anoxia), GET MEDICAL HELP FAST !!! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST!!! |
| Prunus puddum | Rosaceae | Himalaya Wilde Kers | Cherry, Wild, Himalayan | See above | ditto | ditto |
| Pavia rubra Lam. see Aesculus spp. | Hippocastanaceae | Kastanje, Rode | Chestnut, Red | Seeds, bark, leaves. Saponines: aescoside; tannins, and bitter-tasting subst.(aesculetine, aesculine, paviine, argyresceine) | 4 | 3, 4 Don't let Cats play with the seeds! |
| Capsicum annuum | Solanaceae | Spaanse
Peper; Sierpeper; Paprika; Lombok(Indon.); Cabe(Indon) |
Chili
Pepper Ornamental(?) Pepper; Pepperoni |
Fruits, and probably other parts contain capsaicine a (sometimes very) sharp-tasting substance, which may panic cats. It is still discernible in a dilution of 1 : 100,000. | 3 | 2 (put much sugar in the water, this counteracts the sharpness best) |
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| English name unknown | -to- | Aquilegia |
| Aquilegia | -to- | Bird of Paradise |
| China Berry | -to- | Devil-in-a-Bush |
| Devil-in-a-Bush | -to- | Hackberry |
| Hackberry | -to- | Kaffir Lily |
| Kaffir Lily | -to- | Monstera |
| Monstera | -to- | Pieris |
| Pieris | -to- | Snakeroot |
| Snakeroot | -to- | Yew Tree |
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Updated last on 08/05/99 22:28:57 by Hans
