Snakeroot -to- Yew
TreeSnakeroot -to- Yew
Tree
Botanic Name |
Family Name |
Dutch Name |
English Name and where Indigent |
Toxic Parts, Substances and Symptoms |
Type and Degree of Toxicity |
Counter Measures |
|
| Cimicifuga racemosa (var.cordifolia) | Ranunculaceae | Slangenwortel,
Zwarte ; Zilverkaars |
Snakeroot, Black Black Cohash (in USA) | Rhizomen of Snakeroot contains strongly toxic alkaloids (a.o. cytisine for effects of which see Laburnum) and saponines. | 4, 7 EXTREMELY TOXIC!!! |
2, 3, 4 Get medical help VERY FAST!!! |
|
| Euphorbia marginata | Euphorbiaceae | ??? Euphorbia marginata, Eenjarige Tuinplant, inheems uit Z.O-Verenigde Staten. | Snow on
the Mountain, Annual plant. Indigent in S.E. of USA |
Seeds and "The milky sap is as sharp as a wolf's bite", and may be VERY TOXIC. This is true for all Euphorbia species! | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 If external contact wash with MUCH water; if eyes rinse abundantly and contact eye doctor! |
|
| Symphoricarpus spp. | Caprifoliaceae | Radijsboompje ; Sneeuwbes | Snowberry | ??? | 3 | ??? | |
| Polygonatum officinalis (or P.odoratum) | Liliaceae | Duinsalomonszegel | Solomon's Seal; Ladder-to-Heaven; Lady's Seal | Berries. Insufficiently known: heartglycosides (in unripe berries) with Digitalis-like effects; saponines (in seeds) and sometimes an atrachinon. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST |
|
| Polygonatum verticillatum L. | Liliaceae | Kranssalomonszegel | Solomon's Seal; Ladder-to-Heaven; Lady's Seal | See above | ditto | ditto | |
| Oxalis spp. | Oxalidaceae | Klaverzuring | Sorrel (e.g. Wood Sorrel) | Leaves contain oxalic acid, which lowers the calcium content of the blood and forms calcium oxalate crystals, which danmage the kidneys mechanically..Oxalis is only toxic in large quantities. | 3, 7 | 2, 4 Do NOT make them vomit. |
|
| Arum maculatum | Araceae | Gevlekte Aronskelk | Speckled (spotted) Arum Lily | Sharp calcium oxalate crystals. Soponine and aroine. In all parts of the plant. In BIG doses stomach infections and cramps, finally DEATH | 4, 7 | 2 (VERY
MUCH), 4 NOT 3 without MEDICAL advice |
|
| Chrysanthemum spp. | Compositae | Chrysanten soorten Tuin- en Kamerplant | Spider
Mums ; Chrysanthemum ; Daisy
; Marguerite ; Mums Out- and Indoor Plants |
Some sources mention these Chrysanthemum species giving no further particulars.See therefore Chrysanthemum vulgare, Tansy, Common. | ??? | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Atractylis gummifera | Compositae | Pijnappeldoorn | Spindle Flower Chamaelion, White Chamaelion Flower | ??? | 4, 5 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Picea abies (and other species) | Pinaceae | Spar ;
Kerstboom |
Spruce ;
Christmas Tree |
Needles & also water they have soaked in | 6, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Euphorbia esula | Euphorbiaceae | Heksenmelk | Spurge, Leafy | Seeds and "The milky sap is as sharp as a wolf's bite", and may be VERY TOXIC. This is true for all Euphorbia species! | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 If external contact wash with MUCH water; if eyes rinse abundantly and contact eye doctor! |
|
| Hypericum spp. e.g. calycinum and perforatum | Guttiferae | Hertshooi ; St-Janskruid | St. John's Wort | Mainly flowers and leafy stalks contain the red colouring agent: hypericine, which has photo-sensitizing properties. Its is very toxic to white or light coloured animals causing redness and swellling of the skin and in the worst cases even death. | 4, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Consult a veterinarian as soon as possible and keep the patient in a dark place until the hypericine has disappeared from the body. Cleanse skin wounds with water and apply desinfecting and wound healing salves. |
|
| Campanula isophylla 'Alba' | Campanulaceae | Ster van Bethlehem | Star of Bethlehem | This was found in one source without any particulars at all! | ??? | ??? | |
| Hemerocallis spp. | Liliaceae | Hemerocallis ; Daglelie | Stella
d'oro ; Lily, Day |
??? | 6 | ??? | |
| Urtica dioica L. | Urticaceae | Brandnetel, Grote | Stinging Nettle | Seeds are reputed to be toxic. Plant has caused the death of dogs! | 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Strelitzia reginae | Strelitziaceae | Strelitzia
; Paradijsvogelbloem |
Strelitzia
; Bird of paradise |
This was found in one source without any particulars at all! | 6 | ??? | |
| Strophantus spp. | Apocynaceae | Strophantus ; Tropische planten | Strophantus ; Tropical Plants | All parts contain very poisonous heart glycosides (strophanthin). Seeds of the plant are sometimes used in seed necklaces and are a real danger when ingested.. | 4 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Don't let Cats and especially Kittens play with exotic seed necklaces! |
|
| Strychnos nux-vomica L. | Loganiaceae | Braaknoot ; boom afkomstig uit Z-Azië | Strychnos ; tree indigent in S.Asia | All parts contain alkaloids (strychnine). Seeds are sometimes used as seed necklaces and form a real danger when ingested. | 4 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Don't let Cats and especially Kittens play with exotic seed necklaces! |
|
| Drosera rotundifolia L. | Droseraceae | Zonnedauw, Ronde: Plant wordt wel eens als kamerplant gebruikt.Vroeger als geneeskruid (slijmafdrijvend en krampopheffend)gebruikt.Vroeger als geneeskruid (slijmafdrijvend en krampopheffend) | Sundew Plant is sometimes used as Indoor Plant Sometimes used medicinally (phlegm expelling and cramp dispelling) | Dose > 0.5 grm of dried plant may cause infection of bronchial tubes, serious coughing fits, lots of phlegm. | ??? | ??? | |
| Lathyrus odorata (odoratus) | Leguminosae | Lathyrus
; Pronkerwt |
Sweet
Pea ; Lathyrus |
All parts but mainly the seeds. There are two forms of toxicity: Osteolathyrism caused by an aminopropionitrile (L.odoratus; L.hirsutus; L.sylvestris; L.latifolius): causing blocking of some chemical compounds (carboxyl-groups) necessary for normal structure of collagene and elatine proteins. Effects: agitation and nervously walking around; later crippling and paralysis. Neurolathyrism: amino-acids with neurotoxic effects (alfa-gamma-diaminobutter-acid and cyanoalanine (in L.sylvestris); R-diaminopropion-acid (in L.sativus); and a hydrocyanic glycoside (in L.alphaca) which poison the nervous system. Effects: Stiff and difficult gait, and paralysis (e.g. of the larynx). | 3, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Dianthus barbatus | Caryophyllaceae | Duizendschoon | Sweet William | ??? | 3 | ??? | |
| Monstera deliciosa (or old-fashioned Philodendron pertusum) | Araceae | Gatenplant
; Monstera Kamerplant |
Swiss
Cheeseplant ; Monstera ; Split Leaf Philodendron ; Indoor Plant |
Sharp oxalate crystals, and other sharp-tasting substances as sopnines and an alkaloid aroine, which resembles coniine strongly. | 2 | 2 (VERY
MUCH), 4 NOT 3 without MEDICAL advice! |
|
| Descuraina pinnata | Cruciferae | Raket | Tansy Mustard | ??? No further particulars in any source consulted | ??? | ??? | |
| Tanacetum vulgare L. (= Chrysanthemum vulgare) | Compositae | Boerenwormkruid | Tansy, Common | Mainly the stalks and the leaves contain an etheric oil (Tanaceton or thujon) causing irritation of the mucous membranes and the kidneys, and injuries of the liver. | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Colocasia esculenta (syn.Colocasia antiquorum) | Araceae | Kladi
(Indon.); Colocasia |
Taro
(Pacific Islands); Elephant's Ear |
Some varieties contain oxalate crystals | 2, 6 | 2, 4 NOT 3 eventually purge |
|
| Datura stramonium | Solanaceae | Doornappel
; Datura |
Thornapple ; Jimson Weed ; Datura | Hyoscyamine, atropine. Paralyzes the nervous system. VERY poisonous, especially the berries. | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help VERY FAST! | |
| Platycladus orientalis Franco (see Thuja orientalis) | Cupressaceae | Levensboom, Oosterse | Thuja ;
Arborvitae |
See below | ditto | ditto | |
| Platycladus stricta Spach. (see Thuja orientalis) | Cupressaceae | Levensboom, Oosterse | Thuja ;
Arborvitae |
See below | ditto | ditto | |
| Thuja orientalis | Cupressaceae | Levensboom, Oosterse | Thuja ;
Arborvitae |
Etheric oil contains Thujon, which strongly irritates skin and stomach's and intestine lining. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 You can give MILK! |
|
| Nicotiana spp. | Solanaceae | Tabak, ook siersoorten | Tobacco, also Ornamental species | All parts contain next to alkaloid nicotine, in lesser amounts myosmine, isonicotoine. Deadly dose for an adult (when ingested) is toxic contents of one cigar or 5 cigarettes! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! Do NOT let them play with cigar or cigarette butts! |
|
| Lobelia spp. | Campanulaceae | Lobeliasoorten | Tobacco, Indian ; Lobelia | No particulars found in any source consulted | 4, 5, 7 | ??? | |
| Solanum lycopersicum | Solanaceae | Tomaat | Tomato | See below | ditto | ditto | |
| Lycopersicon esculentum (syn. = Solanum.lycopersicum) | Solanaceae | Tomaat, ALLEEN de PLANT is giftig | Tomato, ONLY the VINE is toxic | Glyco-alkaloids (solanine, tomatine). Solanine has an irritating effect on stomach and intestines, causes the destruction of red bloodcells (haemolysis), causes at first excitation and then inhibition of the central nervous system resulting in stoppage of breathing and cardiac arrest. Green, raw tomatoes have the same effects to a lesser extent. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Photinia arbutifolia | Rosaceae | Glansmispel | Toyon ;
Photinia |
Contains Colchicine and Colchiceine, which paralyze the central nervous system. Finally FATAL depression of respiratory centre! | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST! |
|
| Clematis virginiana | Ranunculaceae | Virginiaanse Clematis | Traveller's Joy | Probably all parts contain ranunculine which can release the toxic protoanemonine! The skin-etching protoanemonine causes a gastro-intestinal inflammation, with serious belly cramps, followed by diarrhoea and general swelling (oedema). Deadly after big doses. | 4, 5, 7 | 3 | |
| Campsis radicans | Bignoniaceae | Trompetklimmer | Trumpet Vine | No further particulars in any source consulted | 5 | 3 | |
| Dictitis buccinatoria | ??? | ??? | Trumpet Vine | No further particulars in any source consulted | 5 | 3 | |
| Polyanthes tuberose | Agavaceae | Tuberoos | Tuberose | No further particulars in any source consulted | 3, 7 | 3 | |
| Tulipa spp. | Liliaceae | Tulp | Tulip | Animals fed with bulbs in WW II sometimes showed serious vomiting and purgation. Flowers and leaves have emetic qualities. Bulbs are not toxic when cooked for some time! | 3, 5 | 4 | |
| Cyperus alternifolius | Cyperaceae | Parapluplantje | Umbrella Plant | No further particulars in any source consulted | 3 | 4 | |
| Veratrum album | Liliaceae | Veratrum | Veratrum | Especially the roots contain a big quantity of alkaloids (e.g. protoveratrine, germerine), suppressing heart and breathing functions. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Veratrum californicum | Liliaceae | Veratrum | Veratrum | See above | ditto | ditto | |
| Viburnum spp. | Caprifoliaceae | Gelderse Roos ; Sneeuwbalstruik |
Viburnum | Bark, leaves and raw berries contain viburnine, glycosides, saponines, and tanning substances. Eating of bigger quantities has been known to cause death. Cooked berries are NOT dangerous. | 4 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Vinca Major and Vinca Minor | Apocynaceae | Maagdenpalm ; Vinca |
Vinca | Toxic alkaloids (e.g. vincamine). | 3 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Clematis virginiana | Ranunculaceae | Virginiaanse Clematis | Virgin's Bower | Probably all parts contain ranunculine which can release the toxic protoanemonine! The skin-etching protoanemonine causes a gastro-intestinal inflammation, with serious belly cramps, followed by diarrhoea and general swelling (oedema). Deadly after big doses.Probably all parts contain ranunculine which can release the toxic protoanemonine! The skin-etching protoanemonine causes a gastro-intestinal inflammation, with serious belly cramps, followed by diarrhoea and general swelling (oedema). Deadly after big doses. | 4, 5, 7 | 3 | |
| Juglans niger (nigra) | Juglandaceae | Walnoot, Zwarte of Amerikaanse | Walnut Tree, Black (nuts not edible, wood is important for furniture industry) | No further details found in sources consulted. | 4, 5, 7 | ??? | |
| Tradescantia albiflora | Commelinaceae | Eendagsbloem | Wandering Jew | No further details found in sources consulted. | 5 | 2, 4 Wash with lots of water. |
|
| Cannabis sativa | Cannabinaceae | Wiet ; Hasjisj ; Hennep ; Marihuana |
Weed ; Hashish ; Hemp ; Marihuana |
Hallucinogens | 3 | 2, 3, 4 Keep cats in space where they cannot hurt themselves! |
|
| Ficus benjamina | Moraceae | Vijgenboom ; Ficus benjamina ; Kamerplant |
Weeping Fig ;
Ficus benjamina ; Indoor Plant |
No further details found in sources consulted. | 5 | ??? | |
| Prunus mahaleb L. | Rosaceae | Weichselboom | Weichsel Tree ? | Seedkernels contain cyanogenic glycosides (amygdaline) . Leaves bast and flowers, another one (prunasine). They cause hydrocyanic/prussic acid to be released in the bloodstream. Is one of the fastest toxins known.. Blocks the breathing of the cells (cytotoxic anoxia), GET MEDICAL HELP FAST !!! | 4, 7 | 3, 4 Get medical help FAST!!! |
|
| Clematis virginiana | Ranunculaceae | Virginiaanse Clematis | Wild Clematis ; Wild Hops ; Woodbine | Probably all parts contain ranunculine which can release the toxic protoanemonine! The skin-etching protoanemonine causes a gastro-intestinal inflammation, with serious belly cramps, followed by diarrhoea and general swelling (oedema). Deadly after big doses. | 4, 5, 7 | 3 | |
| Delphinium consolida L. | Ranunculaceae | Wilde Ridderspoor | Wild Delphinium | All parts especially unripe fruits and seeds contain the alkaloid delphinine and other alkaloids. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Keep warm when necessary |
|
| Scilla non-scripta Hoffmgg. et Link. | Liliaceae | Wilde Hyacint | Wild Hyacinth | Bulbs contain not yet known toxic substance(s). causing bellyache, diarrhoea and a slow pulse in humans. Poisonings are rare, however. | 3 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Narcissus pseudonarcisus | Amaryllidaceae | Wilde, Gele Trompetnarcis Kamerplant Tuinplant (ook de andere soorten!) |
Wild, Yellow
Daffodil In- and Outdoor Plant (also the other species!) |
Mainly the bulb. Alkaloids: e.g.
narcissine and licorine Freshen the water in which Narcissus flowers are kept daily: drinking from it is dangerous for Cats and Children! |
4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Anemone japonica | Ranunculaceae | Japanse Anemoon ??? | Windflower | Glycoside = ranunculine from which develops protoanemonine which is an irritating substance causing first central enervation later on central nervous paralysis with damage to the kidneys as a side effect.. Its taste is so bitter that animals mostly refrain from eating lethal doses. inflammations of digestive channel and kidneys, accompanied by vomiting, cramps, diatthoea, bloody urine, and collapse. In very rare cases: lethal after an advanced paralysis of breathing. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Eranthis hyemalis Salisb. | Ranunculaceae | Winterakoniet | Winter Aconite | All parts, especially rhizomen contain heart-glycosides related to those of Helleborus niger (Christmas Rose). | 4, 7 | Because of sharp biting sap little toxic danger for humans and animals. 2, 3, 4 | |
| Wisteria spp. | Leguminosae | Blauwe Regen | Wisteria | Chewing branches and eating pods or seeds have often led to vomiting and diarrhoea. Perhaps the high content of tanning substance and/or an unknowm glycoside are responsible. | 4, 7 | 2, 4 | |
| Artemisia absinthium L. | Compositae | Absinth ; Alsem |
Wormwood | Etheric oil containing thujon: big doses toxic. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Achillea millefolia (or millefolium) | Compositae | Duizendblad Tuinplant |
Yarow Outdoor Plant |
Sap/juice of plant causes photo-sensitizing, which results in dermatitis of non- pigmented skin. Keep in SHADOW! Several substances, among which: fagopyrine, furocumarines, hypericine have photo-sensitizing properties, i.e. the skin reacts to sunlight under influence of sunlight by breaking out in rashes (erytheme) and blisters, sometimes eczema. These skin afflictions are normally cured within a week, but sometimes necessitate hospitalization, and in rare cases may result in death! Get medical advice for humans as well as animals! | 3, 5 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Digitalis lutea L. | Scrophulariaceae | Vingerhoedskruid, Geel | Yellow Foxglove ; Digitalis | All parts, especially leaves are more toxic before flowering than after. Seeds. Mostly heart glycosides (especially digitoxin, gitoxin, gitorin, gitaloxin), saponaglycosides, flovonoglycosides, and tanning substances. Cultivated varieties may be less toxic than wild ones. Content of heartglycosides (0.1 - 1%) varies with place, season and time of day. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help FAST |
|
| Iris pseudacorus | Iridaceae | Gele Lis | Yellow Iris | Mainly leaves and rhizomen contain glycosides(iridine) and a number of sharp tasting substances with unknown chemical structure. Drying does not lessen toxicity. Intoxication only by ingestions of major quantities. Symptoms: serious gastro-intestinal inflammation, serious bloody diarrhoea, and eventually death. | 3, 5, 7 | 2, 3, 4 | |
| Gelsemium sempervirens | Loganiaceae | Carolijnse Jasmijn ; Gele Jasmijn |
Yellow Jessamine, Caroline Jasmine | No further details found in sources consulted. | 4, 5, 7 | ??? | |
| Taxus spp. | Taxaceae | Taxus ; Venijnboom |
Yew Tree | Leaves, bark seeds are extremely TOXIC, because of the alkaloid Taxine. Furthermore they contain an irritating etheric oil, the alkaloid: ephedrine, the glycosid taxicatoside and hydrocyanic compounds. | 4, 7 | 2, 3, 4 Get medical help EXTREMELY FAST!!! |
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| English name unknown | -to- | Aquilegia |
| Aquilegia | -to- | Bird of Paradise |
| Bird of Paradise | -to | China Berry |
| China Berry | -to- | Devil-in-a-Bush |
| Devil-in-a-Bush | -to- | Hackberry |
| Hackberry | -to- | Kaffir Lily |
| Kaffir Lily | -to- | Monstera |
| Monstera | -to- | Pieris |
| Pieris | -to- | Snakeroot |
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Updated last on 05/08/99 23:12:08 by Hans
