UPAYA PENELUSURAN METODE PELESTARIAN IN-VITRO PLASMA NUTFAH TEBU

Development of in-vitro preservation of sugarcane germplasm

K.A. Wahjudi1) dan S. Lamadji1)

 

ABSTRAK

Suatu upaya menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman tebu di dalam tabung telah dilakukan di P3GI Pasuruan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh metode pelestarian plasma nutfah tebu dan kerabatnya secara in-vitro pada kondisi suhu simpan yang cukup tinggi (25 oC). Bahan penelitian menggunakan explant meristem apikal dan mata apikal (apical bud) yang berasal dari pucuk tebu umur 3-4 bulan atau dari tunas dederan umur 1 - 1,5 bulan. Inisiasi tunas mengunakan media MS + 0,2 ppm BAP + 0,1 ppm kinetin + 150 ppm PVP. Hasil inisiasi dipindahkan ke media perakaran yang mengandung 1,0 ppm NAA. Tanaman yang diperoleh dilestarikan secara in-vitro pada media 0,5 MS dan diperlakukan dengan penambahan berbagai osmotic inhibitor serta diinkubasikan dalam ruang simpan pada suhu 25 oC dengan 16 jam pencahayaan per hari. Plasma nutfah yang disimpan sampai 5 bulan pada media 0,5 MS + 2 % manitol menunjukkan selisih persen kematian tanaman terendah (2 %) terhadap kontrol dan tumbuh sehat serta terhambat.

Kata kunci: Tebu, pelestarian in-vitro, pertumbuhan lambat, osmotic inhibitor.

 

ABSTRACT

Study on the growth inhibition of in-vitro sugarcane germplasm conservation has been done at the Indonesian Sugar Research Institute, Pasuruan. The objective of the study was to develop an in-vitro conservation technique suitable for high temperature of the incubation room condition. Shoot apical meristem and apical buds from either 3 - 4 months old of sugarcane shoot or from 1 - 1.5 months old of seedlings were used as the explant sources. Shoot initiation utilized MS media + 0.2 ppm BAP + 0.1 ppm kinetin + 150 ppm PVP. The growing shoots were transfered to the rooting media + 1.0 ppm NAA. The intact young plants then were transfered on to preserve media consisting of half MS media containing several osmotic inhibitors agents, and conserved in the incubation room conditioned at 25 oC within 16 hours photoperiod. Results on the observation of the survival rate and the growth condition of plants after 5 months showed that half MS media + 2 % manittol was the best media for in vitro sugarcane germplasm conservation.

Key words: Sugarcane, in-vitro conservation, slow growth, osmotic inhibitor.