Gender Gap Theory and Evidence

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Gender Gap Theory

Definition of Gender Gap/Bias

· Beherman, Jere R. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutrients in Rural India: Are Boys Favored? Do Parents Exhibit Inequality Everson. Oxford Economic Papers 40 (1988) 32-54
· Bardhan, P. K. "On Life and Death Question." Economic and Political Weekly, 9 (August), 1974: 1293-05
· Das Gupta, Monica. Selective Discrimination against Female children in Rural Punjab, India." Population and Development Review 13, (1987): 77-1000
· Mahmood, Tallat . "The Impact of Household Size and Composition on Household Resource Allocation: The Case Study of Pakistan" Ph.D. Thesis, the Catholic University of America, 1996 {will be available soon for free download}
. An Educator's Guide to Gender Bias Issues

Parental Bias

· Beherman, Jere R. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutrients in Rural India: Are Boys Favored? Do Parents Exhibit Inequality Everson. Oxford Economic Papers 40 (1988) 32-54
· Behrman, Jere R., Robert Pollak, and Paul Taubman. "Do Parents Favor Boys?" International Economic Review 27 (1986): 31-52
· Behrman, Jere R., Robert Pollak, and Paul Taubman (BPT) "Parental Preferences and Provision for Progney." Journal of Political Economy 90 (1982): 52-73
· Rosenzweig, Mark R. and T. Paul Schultz. "Market Opportunities, Genetic Endowments and Intrafamily Resource Distribution: Child Survival in Rural India." American Economic Review 72 (1982): 803-15 . .Mahmood, Tallat . "The Impact of Household Size and Composition on Household Resource Allocation: The Case Study of Pakistan" Ph.D. Thesis, the Catholic University of America, 1996 {will be available for free download soon}

Efficiency Gap

· Beherman, Jere R. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutrients in Rural India: Are Boys Favored? Do Parents Exhibit Inequality Everson. Oxford Economic Papers 40 (1988) 32-54
· Mahmood, Tallat . "The Impact of Household Size and Composition on Household Resource Allocation: Case Study of Pakistan" Ph.D. Thesis, Catholic University of America, 1996 {will be available for free download soon}

Social Bias

· Mahmood, Tallat . "The Impact of Household Size and Composition on Household resource Allocation: Case Study of Pakistan" Ph.D. Thesis, the Catholic University of America, 1996 {will be available for free download soon}

Theoretical Models of Gender Gap Theory

· Beherman, Jere R. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutrients in Rural India: Are Boys Favored? Do Parents Exhibit Inequility Eversion. Oxford Economic Papers 40 (1988) 32-54
· Behrman, Jere R., Robert Pollak, and Paul Taubman. "Do Parents Favor Boys?" International Economic Review 27 (1986): 31-52
· Behrman, Jere R., Robert Pollak, and Paul Taubman (BPT) "Parental Preferences and Provision for Progeny." Journal of Political Economy 90 (1982): 52-73
· De Tray, Denis. "Son Preference in Pakistan: An Analysis of Intension Versus Behavior." Research in Population Economics 5 (1984): 185-200
· Deaton, Angus S. "Looking for Boy-Girl Discrimination in Household Expenditure Data." World Bank Economic Review 3 (1989a)
· Gornau, Reuben. "Sex-related Wage Differentials and Women's Interrupted Careers-The Chicken or the Egg." Journal of Labor Economics 9 (1991)
· Rosenzweig, Mark R. and T. Paul Schultz. "Market Opportunities, Genetic Endowments and Intrafamily Resource Distribution: Child Survival in Rural India." American Economic Review 72 (1982): 803-15

Search for Ideal Family Size and Gender Composition

· Khan, M. Ali and Ismail Siragaldin. "Son Preference and the Demand for Additional Children in Pakistan. Demography 14 (1977): 481-95
· Ali, S. Mubashir and Abdul Razzaque Rukanudin. "Family Size Preferences." Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 1990/91. IRD/Macro International., Columbia, Maryland 1992: 97-109.
· Ali S. Mubashir. "Determinants of Family Size Preferences in Pakistan." " Pakistan Development Review28 (1989): 207-31
· Oldenburg, Philip. "Sex Ratio, Son Preference and Violence in India: A Research Note. " Economic and Political WeeklyDecember 5-12 (1992):2657-62
· Sathar, Zeba A. "Sex Differentials in Mortality: A Corollary of Son Preference." " Pakistan Development Review26 (1987): 555-65

Empirical Evidence of Gender Discrimination

· Benerjee, N. "Woman and Poverty: Report on a Workshop." Economic and Political Weekly18 (1993): 693-98.
· Bardhan, P. K. "On Life and Death Question."" Economic and Political Weekly
· Behrman, Jere R. "Intrahousehold Allocation of Nutrients in Rural India: Are Boys Favored? Do Parents Exhibit Inequility Aversion." " Oxford Economic Papers40 (1988): 32-54
· Sathar, Zeba A. "Sex Differentials in Mortality: A Corollary of Son Preference." " Pakistan Development Review26 (1987): 555-65