Sacred Texts Confucianism Index Previous
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Confucianism and Its Rivals, by Herbert A. Giles, [1915], at sacred-texts.com
Abraham, 243.
Abu Giafar, 223.
Acta Archelai, 191.
Adam (substitute for), 243.
Agriculture, 126.
Alchemy, 144.
Allegory, 140.
Analects, or Lun Yü, 67, 135, 184.
Ancestral worship, 17, 93; (R. Catholic disputes over), 247; (K‘ang Hsi on), 248; (an obstacle to Christianity), 262.
Annals of Lu, 43.
Answers to God Questions, 113.
Anthropomorphism, 9, 91; (rejected by Wang Ch‘ung), 159.
Astrologers (Saracen and Christian), 197.
Augurs and their responses, 26 seq., 45; (the Grand), 59.
Balfour, A. J. (on God), 264.
Banquets (after worship), 20;
(spiritual and material), 40.
Bible (poor translations of), 255; (delegates’ version), 256; (adequate translation still wanting), 257.
Birth (mankind good at), 83; (a pre-Confucian dogma), 83; (denied by Kao), 96; (established by Mencius), 97-100; (opposed by Hsün), Too; (Yang Hsiung's view), 152; (discussed by Chu Fu Tzŭ), 236.
Bôdhidharma (arrival of), 205; (his supernatural powers), 206; (his teachings), 206.
Bowdlerism, 19.
Buckle, H. T., 9.
Buddhachinga arrives, 168.
Buddhism (first appearance), 165; (Chinese mission to India), 167; (gaining ground), 168, 173; (rivalry with Taoism), 173; (creed of), 174; (in favour at Court), 177; (Emperor lectures on), 205; (attempt to combine with Taoism), 207; (prohibition of), 208; (a bone of Buddha), 212; (denounced by Han Wên-kung), 212; (suppression of monasteries), 221; (revival of the faith), 221; (its Trinity in Unity), 238; (borrowings from Taoist philosophers), 238.
"Burning of the Books," 119, 152.
Burying alive, 119; (how suppressed), 50, 51.
Calendars, 78.
Canon of Poetry. See Odes.
Canonization (liable to be cancelled), 230.
Censor with Iron Face (his belief in God), 228.
Chang Tao-ling (first Taoist Pope), 178.
Changes. See Canon.
Chavannes, Professor E., 25, 120.
Chên Shên (term for God), 256.
Ch‘ên Tzû-ang (his objection to idols), 208.
Ch‘êng Hao (his repression of superstition), 229.
Ch‘êng T‘ang, 15.
Chow, Duke of, 6.
Chows, the, 11, 23, 25, 29, 33.
Christ (letter from), 225.
Christianity (Manichæan), 190; (Nestorian), 196; (flourishing), 204; (a heresy), 252; (its growth disappointing), 260; (its obstacles in China), 262.
Chu Fu Tzŭ (= Chu Hsi), 184; (his career and death), 233; (and Canon of Changes), 234; (his rejection of God), 234; (his cosmogony), 235; (on man's nature), 236; (on Buddhism and Taoism), 237, 239.
Ch‘ü P‘ing (his suicide), 107; (allusions to God), 108; (search for Truth), 109; (God Questions), 110; (faith in divination), 113.
Chuang Tzŭ, 38; (apostle of Lao Tzŭ), 130; (opposed to Confucianism), 131; (on the soul), 132; (his Unity), 132; (butterfly dream), 133; (God), 133; (heterodox), 137.
Comets, 53.
Commentary, the, 43.
Confucian Canon, 2.
Confucianism (interpretation of term), 19; (more practical than Christianity), 85; (denounced by Wang Ch‘ung), 153-155 (its first Temple), 181, 183; (necessary to man), 209; (based on revelation), 258; (re-establishment of), 263.
Confucius, 5, 11, 19, 43, 44; (taken prisoner), 45; (no revelation granted to), 65; (eulogy of), 66; (his belief in God and in a divine mission), 67, 68; (known to God), 68; (knows the ford), 69; (subjects forbidden by), 69; (his six ages), 69; (on the Golden Age), 71; (his love of truth), 72; (on spirits), 74; (his earnestness in sacrificing), 76; (his rules as to presents), 78; (on militarism), 79; (fasting), 79; (on prayer), 80; (his attitude to mourners and blind people), 81; (on length of mourning), 82; (disciples’ opinion of), 87; (birthplace of), 179, 227; (regarded as a god), 251; (actually made a god), 258.
Contraries without antagonism, 133.
Coral-branch of magician, 108.
Creation not the work of God, 157.
Dances (in Confucian Temple), 186; (not mere posturing), 188
Death (Confucius on), 74.
Dharmadâtu, 211.
Diagrams (Eight), 3.
Diamond Sûtra, 169 seq.; (and Manichæism), 191, 195.
Diseases, 57.
Divination, 25; (an example of), 26; (not mentioned by Confucius), 79.
Divine right, 21.
Divorce, 117.
Doctrine of the Mean, 88, 184.
Dominicans, 247.
Douglas, R. K., 6.
Drought, 53.
Duality in Unity, 38.
Ear-plugs, 108.
Earthquakes, 55.
East as source of life, 122.
Eclipses, 31; (are messages from God), 52, 180.
Elixir of life, 144; (ridiculed by Wang Ch‘ung), 163; (overdose of), 217, 221.
Exorcism, futility of, 164.
Fa Hsien travels to India, 172.
Faith essential in worship, 58.
Famine, 53.
Fêng and Shan sacrifices, 124.
Feudal Age, 25, 63; (end of), 118.
First Cause, 131.
"First Emperor," 118; (ascends Mt. T‘ai), 120.
Floods, 54.
Forgeries (literary), 119.
Four subjects on which Confucius would not speak, 69.
Franciscans, 247.
Fu I (denounces Buddhism), 207, 208.
Genghis Khan, 197.
Gobharana arrives, 167.
God, 1; (unjust and unkind), 22; (speaks to King Wên), 31; (to rank before Hou Chi), 35 (angry and oppressive), 42; (fear of), 46; (estimate of by Confucius), 71; (does not speak), 73, 225; (is Truth), 86; (will of), 70, 90; (how to serve), 95; (questions put to), I Io; (answers furnished), 113; (as conceived of by Chuang Tzŭ), 133; (not the Creator), 157; (as conceived of by Wang Ch‘ung), 162; (third Person in Taoist Trinity), 176; (name in Mazdaism), 190; (letter from), 225; (Su Tung-p‘o and), 230; (waning belief in), 233; (becomes an abstraction), 235 (where to be found), 240; (reference to in Sacred Edict), 251; (a world without), 264.
Gods (the five family), 126.
Golden Rule, 85.
Good for evil (ordered by Lao Tzŭ), 148; (denounced by Confucius), 149.
Grave-mounds, 115.
Han Fei Tzŭ, 135.
Han Wên-kung (denounces relic of Buddha), 212; (his belief in God), 214, 217; (attitude to Taoism), 218, 219. Harun-al-Raschid (sent a mission), 224.
Heart, man's (careful treatment of), 142.
Hînayâna, 168.
Hopkins, L. C., 10.
Hou Chi, 33; (his virgin birth), 34; (not to take precedence of God), 35.
Hoveden, Roger of, 225.
Hsü Kuang-ch‘i (converted), 247.
Hsüan Tsang (journey to India), 210; (narrative of his travels), 211.
Hsün Tzŭ, 11; (on the nature of man), 100; (his view of God's limitations), 102; (against superstition), 102.
Huai-nan, Prince of (on Tao), 142; (records a miracle), 144.
Hui (the favourite disciple), 72; (grief of Confucius at death of), 72; (his image in Temple), 183; (eulogy by Emperor), 225.
Huns, 15.
Idols (foreign to Confucianism), 209.
Impersonator of the dead, 39.
Inaction (doctrine of), 141, 143.
Incense, 16.
Infinite Absolute=God, 133; (= Tao), 136.
Inspiration (divine), 86.
Jesuit Fathers (on music), 187; (arrival of) 247; (on God), 247; (on ancestral worship), 248; (to be made use of by Chinese), 252.
Jews (arrive in China), 241; (inscribed tablet), 243; (borrow Tao), 244; (date of arrival certain), 244.
Jonah and the whale, 66.
Judaism (similarity to Confucianism), 245.
Julien, St, 200.
K‘ai-fêng Fu (Jewish colony), 241; (portions of the Old Testament found), 242.
K‘ang Hsi, the Emperor (his Sacred Edict), 250.
Kao, the philosopher (his view of man's nature), 96, 97.
Kâshiapmâdanga arrives, 167.
Ku-liang (his commentary), 54; (prayer for), 62.
Kuan Yin (hearer of prayers), 173; (as the Madonna), 175.
Kublai Khan, 245.
Kumârajîva arrives, 168; (success as preacher and translator), 169.
Kun (failed to abate the Flood), 111.
K‘ung Chi, 88.
Lacouperie, T. de, 6.
Lan Lu-chou (on Roman Catholicism), 254.
Lao Tzŭ, 129; (his virgin birth), 129; (not mentioned by Confucius), 130; (the Tao of), 135; (book attributed to him), 146; (first Person of Taoist Trinity), 176.
Legge, Dr, 6, 11, 24; (Nestorian Tablet), 203.
Lieh Tzû, 165.
Life everlasting, 40.
Lin, the, 187.
Liu Tsung-yüan (his God Answers), 113; (Buddhistic leanings), 215.
Locusts, 54.
Love one another, 85.
Luminous Doctrine, 196.
Lun Hêng, or Animadversions, 153.
Mahâyâna, 168; (its alleged borrowings from the Gnostics), 169, 174.
Mahometanism (arrival of), 222; (under Kublai Khan), 245; (exceptional treatment), 259.
Manchu dynasty, 247; (Its attitude to religion), 249.
Manichæism, 190; (its dualistic theology), 190; (opening words of treatise), 191; (part played by the Holy Ghost), 192; Diamond Sûtra, 195.
Marco Polo, 197; (Nestorian Christians), 198.
Marga = Tao, 135.
Mazdaism, 190.
Medium, spiritual, 109.
Mencius, 13; (on original goodness), 83, 96, 97-100; (the Second Inspired One), 88; (his teachings), 89; (his belief in God), 90; (denunciation of Yang Chu and Mo Ti), 104.
Ming dynasty (its fall), 247.
Miracles (Taoist), 144; (Buddhist), 173, 229.
Mo Ti (his altruism), 104, 107.
Mongol dynasty, 245.
Morality more important than sacrifices, 164.
Morrison, Dr, 12.
Moses, 244.
Mosques in Canton, 223.
Mother-in-law insulted, 117.
Moule, Mr A. C. (Nestorian Tablet), 201, 203.
Mourning (sincerity in), 80; (for parents), 81, 82; (national), 82; (Confucius shocked by disregard of), 82; (exaggeration in), 115.
Murmurings against God, 42.
Music (from B.C. 126), 186; (opinion of Jesuits), 187.
Nâgârjuna (founder of the Mahâyâna school), 169.
Natural phenomena, 31.
Nature (man's). See Birth (personified).
Nature worship, 120.
Nestorian Tablet (discovery of), 199; (inscription), 200; (denounced as a forgery), 200; (its genuineness established), 200; (its purport and style), 200; (its disappearance), 204.
Nestorianism, 196; (and Genghis Khan), 197; (its customs and churches), 198; (and Kublai Khan), 199; (Emperors who supported it), 204; (displaced by orthodox Christianity), 246.
Neumann, 200.
Noah's Ark, 4. See Deluge.
Nothing, efficacy of, 143.
Oaths, 44; (forced), 45; (used by Confucius), 71.
Odes, the, 19, 20; (mistranslated), 24, 41; (Confucius on), 83.
One = Infinite Absolute, 133; (man and God are), 135; (how to be One with the Infinite), 135.
Original goodness, 83.
Original sin, 84.
Paley anticipated, 45.
P‘an Ku (second Person of Taoist Trinity), 176; (as Adam), 243.
Pao Yung (filial piety of), 117.
Parthenogenesis, 34; (of Lao Tzŭ), 129.
Pelliot, Professor, 190.
People, the (importance of), 94.
Phœnix, 65.
Po-yu (spiritual appearance of), 61.
Pope (Taoist), 177; (R. Catholic), 247; (raised to rank of Emperor), 260.
Prayers, 37; (for rain), 53; (as understood by Confucius), 80; (to Mt. T‘ai), 120, 227; (no family), 261; (to spirits), 261; (for the Republic), 262.
Prester John, 197.
Prometheus (a Chinese), 2.
Propriety, 46.
Protestant missionaries (arrive), 255; (attitude on the Term Question), 255; (less feared than R. Catholics), 260.
Proverbs, 13.
Questioning God, 110.
Rain (prayers for), 53, 62; (of rice, etc.), 55; (Arbour to), 232.
Rainbows, 56
Religious influences at the present day, 260.
Renan, 200.
Ricci (and Judaism), 241; (arrival of), 247; (his attack on Buddhism), 247; (wrong attitude towards ancestral worship), 247.
River Plan, 8.
Roman Catholicism, 252.
Ruler (the good), 21.
Sacred Edict, 250; (God in the), 251; (Christianity, Buddhism, and Taoism reprobated), 252; (a blow to Christianity), 254.
Sacrifices, 14, 16, 47; (of grain), 35; (human), 48; (meaning of the great), 76; (to the spirit of a foreigner), 77; (valued by Confucius), 79; (in the Confucian Temple), 186.
Sang Hu (death of), 138.
Shang Ti (= T‘ien), 12; (= God active and personal), 37; (subordinate to T‘ien), 158; (term favoured by Jesuits), 248; (also by some Protestants), 256.
Shao Yung (and Canon of Changes), 234; (and God), 240.
Shên or Shin (a term for God), 12.
Shih-li-fang (miraculous delivery of), 166.
Shun, 16.
Shuo Wên, 10.
Sincerity, 16; (in mourning), 80.
Sinew (removing the), 242.
Sky, the, 1.
Soil (god of the), 126; (his altar may not be covered), 127.
Son of Heaven (= Son of God), 9, 21, 44.
Soul (supra- and sub-liminal), 61; (suggested by Chuang Tzŭ), 132; (a vital fluid), 160.
Spencer, Herbert, 133.
Spirits, 14, 58, 73, 74; (of hills and streams),16; (invisible), 59; (in human form have no shadow), 59; (manifested), 74; (present at sacrifices), 76; (how defined), 94; (of land and grain), 94; (Wang Ch‘ung denies existence of), 161.
Springs and Autumns, the, 43, 52.
Ssŭ-ma Ch‘ien, 5; (his eulogy of Confucius), 66; (on Lao Tzŭ), 146.
Su Tung-p‘o (his expulsion from Temple), 230; (his allusions to God), 231, 232.
Sun goes back in the sky, 144.
Suovetaurilia, 189.
Sûtra of Forty-two Sections, 167.
T‘ai K‘ang, 39.
T‘ai, Mt. (its divine character), 120; (ascents of), 120, 123, 124, 226.
T‘an Kung (on mourning), 115.
T'ang, or Ch'êng T'ang, 15; (called the Completer), 127.
Tao (God dependent on),135; (= the Infinite), 136; (untranslatable), 136; (defined), 136; (cannot be taught), 136; (how to be known), 141; (debased), 145; (cannot speak), 238.
Tao Tê Ching, 147; (rejected by native critics), 147; (ridiculed by Po Chü-i), 148; (good for evil), 148; (maxims in), 149; (God in), 149.
Taoism, 38, 151; (development of), 163; (rivalry with Buddhism), 173; (copies Buddhist ceremonial), 176; (its Papacy), 177;
[paragraph continues] (its Trinity), 176; (of two forms), 178; (Emperor preaches on), 181; (attempt to combine with Buddhism), 207; (prohibition of), 208.
Temple, Confucian, 181; (described), 183; (admission to and dismissal from), 184, 185; (symbolism of ceremonial), 189.
Temple of Heaven, 263.
Three (things which inspire awe), 72; (topics cautiously treated by Confucius), 79; (Pure Ones), 238, 239; (religions), 251.
Thunder (god of), 81; (no connexion with God), 8,.
T‘ien (= God), 9, 22; (God passive and impersonal), 37; has authority over Shang Ti), 158; (degraded to an abstraction), 235; (ranked below Taoist Trinity), 239; (term adopted by Jews), 241; (term favoured by Jesuits and by K‘ang Hsi), 248.
T‘ien chu (India), 242.
T‘ien Chu, or Lord of Heaven, 242; (Dominican and Franciscan term for God), 249; (Papal decree in favour of), 249.
Translations into Chinese (how made), 257.
Trinity (of Buddhism), 174, 238; (of Taoism), 176, 239; (of Christianity not mentioned in the Bible), 261.
Tsêng Ts‘an, 184.
Tso-ch‘iu Ming, 43.
Tzŭ-yu, 115.
Unitarian worship (should be restored), 264.
Unity, Trinity in (of Buddhism), 175.
Virgin and child, 175.
Vissière, Professor A., 224.
Voltaire, 200.
Wahb-Abi-Kabcha, 222.
Wang An-shih (his expulsion from Temple), 230.
Wang Ch‘in-jo (letter from God), 225.
Wang Ch‘ung, 152; (opposes Confucianism), 153-155; (on God), 157; (rejects divination and anthropomorphism), 159; (on spirits), 160; (futility of sacrifice and prayer), 163; (elixir of life), 163; (wizards and priests), 164; (morality the essential), 164; (a materialist), 164.
Waterland, Dr, 37.
Wên, King, 4, 23; (addressed by God), 31.
Wendover, Roger of, 225.
West (divine teacher in the), 165.
Wisdom (defined), 74.
Witches and wizards (burning), 53; (have no real power), 163.
Women officials, 181.
Wu Ti (his ascent of Mt. T‘ai), 123.
Wylie, Mr A., 203.
Yang Chu (his egoism), 104.
Yang Hsiung (on man's nature), 152.
Yao and Shun, 13; (Yao inferior to God); 71.
Yao Ch‘a (devotion to Buddhism), 209.
Yellow Emperor, 141.
Yellow River (sacrifice to), 58.
Yen Hui. See Hui.
Yin and Yang (diagram), 4.
Yü, the Great, 7.
Zoroaster, 189.